Blog
Posts, notes, and articles.
Building A Simple Graph Neural Network: Message Passing And Aggregation From Scratch
2025-11-12A comprehensive technical exploration of building a simple graph neural network: message passing and aggregation from scratch, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
A Practical Guide To Virtual Memory: Implementing Page Tables And Tlb Simulation In Software
2025-11-07A comprehensive technical exploration of a practical guide to virtual memory: implementing page tables and tlb simulation in software, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Designing A Self Adjusting Binary Search Tree (splay Tree) With Amortized Analysis
2025-11-06A comprehensive technical exploration of designing a self adjusting binary search tree (splay tree) with amortized analysis, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Implementing The Chord Distributed Hash Table Protocol: Ring Routing And Stabilization
2025-11-03A comprehensive technical exploration of implementing the chord distributed hash table protocol: ring routing and stabilization, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Distributed Snapshots: The Chandy-Lamport Algorithm, Lai-Yang, and the Foundations of Consistent Global State
2025-10-31How do you capture a consistent snapshot of a running distributed system without stopping the world? The Chandy-Lamport algorithm, its non-FIFO extension by Lai and Yang, and the deep connection to checkpointing and deadlock detection.
Building A Concurrent Garbage Collector For A Language With Interior Pointers (like Java’s G1)
2025-10-29A comprehensive technical exploration of building a concurrent garbage collector for a language with interior pointers (like java’s g1), covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Inside Vector Databases: Building Retrieval-Augmented Systems that Scale
2025-10-26How modern vector databases ingest, index, and serve embeddings for production retrieval-augmented generation systems without falling over.
The Art Of Writing A Correct And Fast Crc32 Implementation: Slicing By 8 And Pclmulqdq
2025-10-22A comprehensive technical exploration of the art of writing a correct and fast crc32 implementation: slicing by 8 and pclmulqdq, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Distributed Systems: Consensus, Consistency, and Fault Tolerance
2025-10-20Fundamentals of distributed systems: failure models, consensus algorithms (Paxos, Raft), CAP theorem, consistency models, gossip, membership, CRDTs, and practical testing strategies like Jepsen.
Implementing A Binary Indexed Tree (fenwick Tree) With Range Updates And Range Queries
2025-10-14A comprehensive technical exploration of implementing a binary indexed tree (fenwick tree) with range updates and range queries, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Clock Synchronization: Lamport Clocks, Vector Clocks, Hybrid Logical Clocks, and the CRDT Connection
2025-10-08From scalar Lamport clocks that capture causality to vector clocks that characterize it precisely, through hybrid logical clocks that bridge physical and logical time — the intellectual lineage of distributed timekeeping.
Designing A Custom Network Protocol: Framing, Checksums, And Reliable Delivery Over Udp
2025-10-06A comprehensive technical exploration of designing a custom network protocol: framing, checksums, and reliable delivery over udp, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Learned Indexes: When Models Replace B‑Trees
2025-10-04A practitioner's guide to learned indexes: how they work, when they beat classic data structures, and what it takes to ship them without getting paged.
The 100‑Microsecond Rule: Why Tail Latency Eats Your Throughput (and How to Fight Back)
2025-10-04A field guide to taming P99 in modern systems—from queueing math to NIC interrupts, from hedged requests to adaptive concurrency. Practical patterns, pitfalls, and a blueprint you can apply this week.
A Detailed Look At The Simplex Algorithm For Linear Programming: Implementation And Numerical Stability
2025-10-02A comprehensive technical exploration of a detailed look at the simplex algorithm for linear programming: implementation and numerical stability, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
Time in Distributed Systems: NTP, PTP, TrueTime, and the Impossibility of Perfect Synchronization
2025-10-01From Marzullo's algorithm in NTP to hardware timestamping in PTP and Google's TrueTime in Spanner — how distributed systems wrestle with the fundamental impossibility of perfectly synchronized clocks.
Implementing A Distributed Grep: Mapreduce And Hadoop From Scratch
2025-09-27A comprehensive technical exploration of implementing a distributed grep: mapreduce and hadoop from scratch, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
The Quiet Calculus of Probabilistic Commutativity
2025-09-27A practical calculus for quantifying when non-commutative operations in distributed systems can be safely executed without heavyweight coordination.
The Hidden Backbone of Parallelism: How Prefix Sums Power Distributed Computation
2025-09-21Discover how the humble prefix sum (scan) quietly powers GPUs, distributed clusters, and big data frameworks—an obscure but essential building block of parallel and distributed computation.
Building A Simple Ray Tracer: Bvh Acceleration, Anti Aliasing, And Path Tracing
2025-09-20A comprehensive technical exploration of building a simple ray tracer: bvh acceleration, anti aliasing, and path tracing, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
GPUDirect Storage in 2025: Optimizing the End-to-End Data Path
2025-09-16How modern systems move data from NVMe and object storage into GPU kernels with minimal CPU overhead and maximal throughput.
The Architecture Of A Log Structured Merge Tree (lsm) With Memory Bucketed Compaction
2025-09-07A comprehensive technical exploration of the architecture of a log structured merge tree (lsm) with memory bucketed compaction, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.
The Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma and the Geometry of High-Dimensional Data
2025-09-05Explore the surprising geometry of high-dimensional spaces: the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma showing that random projections preserve pairwise distances, the concentration phenomena that make it work, and its profound applications in nearest-neighbor search, compressed sensing, and machine learning.
Implementing The Dijkstra–scholten Algorithm For Termination Detection In Distributed Systems
2025-08-30A comprehensive technical exploration of implementing the dijkstra–scholten algorithm for termination detection in distributed systems, covering key concepts, practical implementations, and real-world applications.