Fundamentals

• Memory Allocation and Garbage Collection: How Programs Manage Memory · 2025-02-20

  A deep dive into how programming languages allocate, track, and reclaim memory. Understand malloc internals, garbage collection algorithms, and the trade-offs that shape runtime performance.

• Unicode and Character Encoding: From ASCII to UTF-8 and Beyond · 2024-03-15

  A comprehensive guide to how computers represent text. Understand the evolution from ASCII through Unicode, the mechanics of UTF-8 encoding, and how to handle text correctly in modern software.

• Virtual Memory and Page Tables: How Operating Systems Manage Memory · 2021-08-12

  A comprehensive exploration of virtual memory systems, page tables, address translation, and the hardware-software collaboration that enables modern multitasking. Understand TLBs, page faults, and memory protection.